IRCHA 直升机动作难度7个等级中英对照

 
IRCHA 直升机动作难度7个等级中英对照

 


作者: IRCHA



国际遥控模型直升机协会(IRCHA)

直升机动作难度7个等级中英对照

 

第一级 (Level I)

第二级(Level II)

第三级(Level III) 

第四级(Level IV)

第五级(Level V) 

第六级(Level VI) 

第七级(Level VII)

 

 

第一级  (Level I)

Take-off(起飞)

Stationary Hover(静止停悬)

Hover Laterally(水平移动)

Multiple-level Hover(多重高度停悬)

3/4 Rear View Hovering45°角停悬)

Full Lateral View Hovering(侧面停悬)

Diagonal Hovering(对角停悬)

Circle Hovering

第二级(Level II)

Taxi Out(水平滑行)

Climb-Out(垂直爬升)

90 Degree Turns90°转向)

Flying Box(矩形飞行)

180 Degree Turns180°回转)

Straight and Level Flight(水平直线飞行)

Figure of Eight – Constant Heading, Hovering(机头定向8字飞行)

Figure of Eight – "Lazy 8"(水平快8字飞行)

Figure of Eight – Flying(水平8字飞行)

Traffic Pattern Approach to Landing(小角度降落航道)

Translational Descent(大角度降落航道)

Landing(著陆)

Stall Turn180°失速倒转)

Inside Loop(内浸斗)

Pirouette(原地旋转)

第三级(Level III)

Nose-in – Hover(对面停悬)

Nose-in – Circle(机头向内水平圆)

Nose-in – Take-off(对面起飞)

Nose-in – Landing(对面降落)

540 Stall Turn540°失速倒转)

Horizontal Roll(水平侧滚)

Immelmann Turn(英麦曼回转)

1/2 Cuban Eight1/2 古巴8字)

Loop w/Pirouette at the Top(内浸斗/顶点旋转 360°)

Flying Circle(水平圆)

Figure of Eight – Nose-in, Tail-in(机头向内、向外水平8字)

Autorotation Landing(熄火降落)

第四级(Level IV)

Sustained Inverted Flight(倒飞水平圆)

Sustained Inverted Hover(倒飞停悬)

Inverted Pirouettes(倒飞原地旋转)

Inverted Figure of Eight – Flying(倒飞水平8字飞行)

Consecutive Stationary Rolls(连续侧滚)

Auto 180 Degree Autorotation180°熄火降落)

Flips Forward(前滚翻)

Flips Backward(後滚翻)

Flips Laterally(侧滚翻)

Rolling Circle(侧滚水平圆)

Tumbles(各种滚翻)

第五级(Level V

Sustained Backward Flight(後退水平圆)

Sustained Backward Figure of Eight – Flying(後退8字飞行)

Sustained Backward Flight – Inside Loops(後退内浸斗)

Sustained Backward Flight – Rolls(後退侧滚)

Sustained Backward Inverted Flight(倒飞後退水平圆)

Sustained Backward Inverted Figure of Eight -Flying(倒飞後退8字飞行)  

Autorotation with inverted segment(倒飞熄火降落)

Knife Edge Pirouette(侧飞自旋 360°)

Death Spiral(侧飞水平螺旋下坠)

第六级(Level VI)

Sideways Flight(横向飞行水平圆)

Sideways Figure of Eight – Flying(横向8字飞行)

Sideways Inside Loops(横向内浸斗)

Sideways Outside Loops(横向外浸斗)

Sideways Rolls(横向滚翻)

Sideways Rolls – Helicopter is Rolling(横向滚翻    机体侧滚)

Sideways Rolls – Helicopter is Tumbling(横向滚翻    机体前後滚翻)

Pirouetting Figure of Eight(机体自旋8字飞行)

Inverted Pirouetting Figure of Eight(机体倒飞自旋8字飞行)

第七级(Level VII)

Pirouetting Inside Loop(机体自旋内觔斗)

Pirouetting Roll(机体自旋侧滚)

Stationary Pirouetting Tumbles(机体自旋原地滚翻)

Traveling Pirouetting Tumbles(机体自旋前进滚翻)

Pirouetting Outside Loop(机体自旋外觔斗)

Pirouetting Autorotation(机体自旋熄火降落)

Pirouetting Auger(机体自旋螺旋钻)

Straight Upright Flight(正立直线飞行)

 

 

第一级  (Level I)

Level I is the most basic of the program and is characterized by the pilot becoming SAFE and  Proficient  in  the  Hover  and  its  related  phases.  Pilot  position  for  most  of  the maneuvers shall be from the position of Tail-in towards the pilot.
第一级属於最基础的课程,主要是维护操控者的安全,熟悉停悬及相关动作的技巧。执行大多数的动作时,直升机的尾部需朝向操控者。

 

Take-off(起飞)

The take-off should be performed straight up from the landing area, at a constant rate of climb, with little lateral deviations. Come to a complete stop without any vertical bounce or dip, and little to no lateral wobble or drifting. The landing area is defined as a 1 meter diameter circle.
由降落区内将直升机垂直起飞,保持稳定的上升速度,上升的过程中允许轻微的横向偏移。直升机停止上升後,机体需保持完全静止不动,不可有任何的垂直上升或 下降,机体不可左右摇晃或漂移。降落区为直径1公尺的圆圈。

 

Stationary Hover(静止停悬)

1.  After  the  take-off,  coming  to  a  complete  stop  with  little  to  no  vertical  bounce,  dip, lateral drifting or wobble.
起飞後机体保持完全静止不动,不可有任意的垂直上升或下降,机体不可左右摇晃 或漂移。

2. Hold in the Stationary Hover for one (1) minute.
保持静止停悬1分钟。

3. The Stationary Hover should give the appearance of being under total control.
静止停悬时需表现出可完全掌控的模样。

行。

 

Hover Laterally(水平移动)

1. From take-off area hover forward ten (10) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds.
先将直升机在起飞区的上空保持停悬,然後水平前进 10 尺,保持静止停悬 10 秒钟。

2. From there hover backward twenty (20) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds.
然後水平後退 20 尺,保持静止停悬 10 秒钟。

3. From there hove forward ten (10) feet until you are over the landing area, then hover to the left ten (10) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds.
水平前进 10 尺,直到直升机到达降落区的上空,向左水平移动 10 尺,保持静止停 10 秒钟。

4. From there hover to the right twenty (20) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds.
然後向右水平移动 20 尺,保持静止停悬 10 秒钟。

5. From there hove back to the left ten (10) feet until you are over the landing area.
向左水平移动 10 尺,回到降落区的上空。

6. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
降落时脚架需完全落在降落区内。

 

Multiple-level Hover(多重高度停悬)

1. Take-off, hover for five (5) seconds.
起飞後保持静止停悬5秒钟。

2. Climb straight up two (2) meters, hold for five (5) seconds.
垂直上升2公尺,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

3. Descend vertically two (2) meters, hold for five (5) seconds.
垂直下降2公尺,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

4. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
降落时脚架需完全落在降落区内。

 

3/4 Rear View Hovering45°角停悬)

1. Take-off to Hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
起飞後保持静止停悬5秒钟。

2. Rotate nose of helicopter either left or right forty-five (45) degrees, hold for five (5) seconds.
向左或向右将机头旋转 45°,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

3. Rotate the nose of the helicopter back to straight ahead, hold for five (5) seconds.
将机头旋转 45°回到原来的方向,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

4. Continue rotating the nose of the helicopter forty-five (45) degrees to the other side, hold for five (5) seconds.
将机头朝另外一边旋转 45°,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

5. Rotate the nose back to straight ahead, hold for five (5) seconds.
将机头旋转 45°回到原来的方向,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

6. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
降落时脚架需完全落在降落区内。

 

Full Lateral View Hovering(侧面停悬)

Same as 3/4 View Hovering, but in steps 2 and 4 rotate ninety (90) degrees instead of forty-five (45) degrees.
如同 45°角停悬一般,但在步骤2及4时,将机头旋转 90°。

 

Diagonal Hovering(对角停悬)

1.  After  take-off  from  the  landing  area  within  center  of  a  10  meter/yard  box,  from Stationary  Hover,  maintaining  a  constant  heading,  move  the  helicopter  diagonally  to  a corner of the box, hold for five (5) seconds, then return to the center of the box.
由边长为  10  公尺的正方形中心点的降落区起飞後,保持机头朝固定的方向,由静止停悬开始,将直升机飞往正方形的一个角落,保持静止停悬5秒钟,然後再飞回 正方形的中心点。

2. Repeat with the remaining 3 corners of the box.
对正方形的其馀3个角落,重覆执行步骤1。

3. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
降落时脚架需完全落在降落区内。

 

Circle Hovering

1. Tail-in Circle(机头向外水平圆)

A. Take-off, hold hover for five (5) seconds.
起飞後保持静止停悬5秒钟。

B. Move the helicopter to the right, keeping the tail pointed at the pilot, in a circle around the pilot.         Until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point.
保持机尾朝向操控者,以操控者为圆心,以顺时针的方向,执行直径  10  公尺的水 平圆。直到直升机到达起飞点的上空。

C. Move the helicopter to the left, repeating step b above.
以逆时针的方向重覆执行步骤b。

D. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
降落时脚架需完全落在降落区内。

2. Constant Heading Circle(机头定向水平圆) A. Take-off, hold hover for five (5) seconds.
起飞後保持静止停悬5秒钟。

B. Move the helicopter to the right, keeping the tail pointed in the same direction, in a ten(10) meter circle in front of the pilot. Until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point.
保持机头朝固定的方向,在操控者的前面以顺时针的方向,执行直径 10 公尺的水平圆。直到直升机到达起飞点的上空。

C. Move the helicopter to the left, repeating step b above.
以逆时针的方向重覆执行步骤 B

D. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
降落时脚架需完全落在降落区内。

 

第二级(Level II)

Level  II  is  an  intermediate  level  of  proficiency  and  completion  of  this  level  takes  the pilot  to  the  level  of  a  well  rounded  pilot  capable  of  performing  Basic  Flight  skills. Intrinsic  to  this  level  is  successfully  completing  all  components  of  Level  I,  then advancing to the ability to FLY the helicopter in circuits. 第二级属於中等程度,使操控者有能力执行基础飞行的技巧。第二级的本质是要能 成功地完成第一级的所有动作,以及增进圆周飞行的能力。

 

Taxi Out(水平滑行)

1. Take-off from the landing area to eye-level, hold momentarily.
由降落区将直升机垂直起飞至与眼睛同高,静止停悬几秒钟。

2. Hover forward slowly for no less than ten (10) meters.
缓慢地往前滑行至少 10 公尺的距离。

3. Turn into the prevailing wind direction and continue straight and level for no less than ten (10) meters.
将机头转至迎风面,并且继续水平直线前进至少 10 公尺的距离。

4. Either proceed to Climb-Out or Land within the landing area circle.
接下来可以直接进行"垂直爬升"的程序或降落程序,降落时机体必须在圆形的降落 区内。

 

Climb-Out(垂直爬升)

1. After Taxi Out, begin ascent by gradually increasing power/collective.
执行完"水平滑行"後,逐渐地增加油门/螺距,使机体开始上升。

2. Continue to climb until an altitude of approximately fifty (50) feet.
持续地爬升,直到大约 50 尺的高度。

3. Climb-out should be parallel to flight path and at a moderate speed.
垂直爬升的过程中,机体必须与航道平行,并且保持适当的上升速度。

 

90 Degree Turns90°转向)

After Climb-Out, turn 90 degrees in a direction away from pilot and spectators.
执行完"垂直爬升"後,将机头旋转 90°,使机尾朝向操控者及观众。

 

Flying Box(矩形飞行)

1. After completing the Climb-Out and first 90 Degree Turn, continue to fly straight and level.
执行完"垂直爬升"及第一个"90°转向"後,保持水平直线前进。

2. Execute another 90 Degree Turn, same direction as before.
执行第二个"90°转向",旋转的方向必须与第一个相同。

3. Continue as before until a box or rectangle has been formed.
继续执行步骤2的程序,直到飞行的轨迹能形成一个正方形或长方形。

 

180 Degree Turns180°回转)

1. While flying straight and level, execute a turn, hold this turn until the helicopter has come  around  back  to  the  same  direction  it  has  just  come  from,  straighten  out  and continue in straight and level flight.
先保持水平直线飞行,然後执行转弯的动作,回转 180°後对正航道,继续保持水平直线飞行。

2. Turns should be made turning away from the pilot to the right and left.
分别由左至右,以及由右至左,执行外侧回转(远离操控者)。

3. Turns should be made turning toward the pilot to the right and left.
分别由左至右,以及由右至左,执行内侧回转(接近操控者)。

 

Straight and Level Flight(水平直线飞行)

1. From the left to the right.
由左至右,执行水平直线飞行。

2. From the right to the left.
由右至左,执行水平直线飞行。

 

Figure of Eight – Constant Heading, Hovering(机头定向8字飞行)

1. Take-off to eye-level, hold momentarily.
将直升机垂直起飞至与眼睛同高,静止停悬几秒钟。

2.  While  maintaining  constant  altitude,  speed  and  heading,  begin  a  forward  hovering circle to either the right or the left.
将直升机保持在同高度、同速度以及机头朝固定的方向,向右或向左开始执行水平 圆的动作。

3. As the helicopter reaches the take-off point, continue hovering forward and complete a circle in the opposite direction from before.
当直升机到达起飞点的上空後,以步骤2的方式,继续向另一侧执行水平圆的动作。

4.  Stop  over  take-off  point,  descend  vertically  and  land  completely  within  the  landing circle.
在起飞点的上空停止,然後垂直下降,降落时机体必须完全在圆形的降落区内。

 

Figure of Eight – "Lazy 8"(水平快8字飞行)

1. With the helicopter flying straight and level after it passes the pilot, make a turn that is greater than 180 degrees, away from the pilot.
先保持水平直线飞行,当直升机通过操控者後,向外侧(远离操控者)执行大於 180°的转弯。

2. After the helicopter passes in front of the pilot, execute another turn that is greater than180 degrees, away from the pilot.
当直升机通过操控者後,再向外侧(远离操控者)执行另一次大於 180°的转弯。

3.  This  maneuver  must  be  done  starting  from  both  left  to  right  (first  turn  to  the  left, counterclockwise) and right to left (first turn to the right, clockwise).
分别由左至右(先向左转弯,逆时针),以及由右至左(先向右转弯,顺时针)执

 

Figure of Eight – Flying(水平8字飞行)

1. With the helicopter flying straight and level after it passes the pilot, make a 270 degree turn away from the pilot, the helicopter will now be pointed directly at the pilot.
先保持水平直线飞行,当直升机通过操控者後,开始执行外侧 3/4 水平圆(远离操 控者),使机头朝向操控者。

2. After the helicopter is pointing at the pilot, execute a 360 degree turn, in the opposite direction. The helicopter will again be pointing directly at the pilot.
当机头朝向操控者後,向另一侧执行 360°水平圆,使机头再次朝向操控者。

3. After the helicopter is pointing at the pilot again, execute a 90 degree turn, in the same direction as the first 270 degree turn.
当机头再次朝向操控者後,执行 1/4 水平圆,使机头与步骤1的水平直线飞行同向。

4. This maneuver must be done starting from both left to right (first 270 degree turn to the left, counterclockwise) and right to left (first 270 degree turn to the right, clockwise).
分别由左至右(向左执行 3/4 水平圆,逆时针),以及由右至左(向右执行 3/4 水平圆顺时针),执行水平8字飞行。

 

Traffic Pattern Approach to Landing(小角度降落航道)

1.  From  straight  and  level  flight,  after  the  helicopter  passes  the  pilot,  execute  a  180 degree turn away from the pilot.
先保持水平直线飞行,当直升机通过操控者後,开始执行外侧 180°转弯的动作(远 离操控者)。

2. Start to reduce speed and power.
开始减速及收油门。

3. After the helicopter passes the pilot, execute a 180 degree turn towards, continue to reduce power/collective so as to descend at a gradual angle to the landing zone.
当直升机再次通过操控者後,开始执行内侧 180
°转弯的动作(接近操控者),持续地降低油门/螺距,保持平缓的下降角度进入降落区。

4. This must be done starting from both the right and the left.
分别由右侧及左侧开始执行。

 

Translational Descent(大角度降落航道)

1. This is similar to the Traffic Pattern Approach, but the descent angle should be much greater (about 45 degrees) and the descend continues all the way to the landing.
"小角度降落航道"非常类似,但下降的角度比较大(约  45°),必须持续保持下 降直到著陆。

2. This must be done starting from both the right and the left.
分别由右侧及左侧开始执行。

 

Landing(著陆)

1.  This  landing  is  to  be  completed  as  part  of  a  Translational  Descent,  but  this  has  the added  requirement  that  both  the  take-off  and  landing  must  be  within  a  one  (1)  meter circle. The skids must be completely within the landing circle.
著陆是"大角度降落航道"须完成的动作之一,但特别要求起飞及著陆都必须在直径1公尺的圆圈内,脚架需完全落在降落区内。

2. This must be done starting from both the right and the left.
分别由右侧及左侧开始执行。

 

Stall Turn180°失速倒转)

1.  Starting  from  straight  and  level  flight  after  the  helicopter  passes  the  pilot,  the helicopter is smoothly pulled vertical (Aft Cyclic).
先保持水平直线飞行,当直升机通过操控者後,开始平滑地拉高机头(打升舵), 使机头朝上垂直爬升。

2.  When  the  vertical  climb  stops,  the  helicopter  is  rotated  180  degrees  about  the  yaw axis.
当直升机停止爬升後,将机头旋转 180°(机头朝下)。

3. The helicopter is allowed to fall the same distance that it climbed at the beginning of the maneuver before pulling the helicopter back to straight and level flight.
待直升机垂直俯冲的距离与垂直爬升的距离相同时,拉起机头恢复成水平直线飞行。

 4. This maneuver must be done both to the right and the left of the pilot.
分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行。

 

Inside Loop(内浸斗)

 1.  Starting  from  straight  and  level  flight  after  the  helicopter  passes  the  pilot,  the helicopter is smoothly pulled through a loop (Aft Cyclic).
先保持水平直线飞行,当直升机通过操控者後,开始平滑地拉高机头(打升舵), 使飞行轨迹成为一个环状。

2. As the helicopter is "on its back", the pilot should reduce collective so as to keep the loop as round as possible.
当直升机处於倒飞状态时,必须减少螺距,尽可能使飞行轨迹成为圆形的环状。

 3. This maneuver must be done starting from both the right and the left of the pilot.
分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行。

 

Pirouette(原地旋转)

 1. From a stationary hover, execute a tail rotor only turn of 360 degrees to either the right or the left.
先保持静止停悬,然後方向舵打右舵或左舵,使机体原地旋转 360°。

 2. This maneuver must be done in both directions, to the right (clockwise) and the left (counterclockwise)
分别执行顺时针与逆时针方向的原地旋转。

 

第三级(Level III)

Level III is an advanced intermediate level of proficiency and completion of this level takes  the  pilot  to  the  level  of  a  pilot  capable  of  performing  all  Upright  Flight  skills. Intrinsic to this level is successfully completing all components of Level I and II, then advancing to the ability to control the helicopter in all upright orientations. 第三级属於中上程度,使操控者有能力执行所有的正面飞行技巧。第三级的本质是 要能成功地完成第一级与第二级的所有动作,以及增进对於新动作的操控及定位能力。

 

Nose-in – Hover(对面停悬)

1. Take-off from the landing area (a 36" or 1 meter circle) to eye-level, hold momentarily.
由降落区将直升机垂直起飞至与眼睛同高,静止停悬几秒钟。

2. Either Pirouette or Fly and stop in the Nose-in condition, the preferred method is to Pirouette to nose-in.
可以采取旋转或转弯的方式,将机头朝向操控者,建议采用旋转的方式比较好。

3. Hold in the Stationary Nose-in Hover for one (1) minute.
保持机头朝向操控者,静止停悬1分钟。

4. The Stationary Hover should give the appearance of being under total control.
静止停悬时需表现出可完全掌控的模样。

5. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
降落时脚架需完全落在降落区内。

 

Nose-in – Circle(机头向内水平圆)

1. Take-off, move into a Nose-in Hover, hold hover for five (5) seconds.
起飞後机头朝向操控者,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

2.  Move  the  helicopter  to  the  right,  keeping  the  tail  pointed  away  from  the  pilot,  in  a circle around the pilot. Until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point.
保持机头朝向操控者,以操控者为圆心,以顺时针的方向执行水平圆的动作,直到 直升机到达起飞点的上空。
circle.
保持平滑且稳定的下降速度,朝直径1公尺的圆形降落区降落。

3. Move the helicopter to the left, repeating step 2 above.
以逆时针的方向重覆执行步骤2。

 

Nose-in – Take-off(对面起飞)

1. With the helicopter in the landing area, and the pilot standing in front of the helicopter,at a SAFE distance.
将直升机放在降落区内,操控者站在直升机的前面,并且保持安全的距离。

2. Take-off into a Nose-in hover.
起飞後保持对面停悬。

 

Nose-in – Landing(对面降落)

1. From a Stationary Nose-in Hover.
先保持对面停悬。

2. Land while still Nose-in, with the skids completely within the landing area.
以机头朝向操控者的方式降落,降落时脚架需完全落在降落区内。

 

540 Stall Turn540°失速倒转)

1. Start by performing a Stall Turn similar to that in Level II.
开始的程序同第二级的"180°失速倒转"

2. Instead of rotating the helicopter only 180 degrees, this time rotate the helicopter 540 degrees (1-1/2 revolutions).
当直升机停止爬升後,将机头旋转 540°(机头朝下)。

3. This maneuver must be done both to the right and the left of the pilot.
分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行。

 

Horizontal Roll(水平侧滚)

1. Helicopter flying straight and level.
先保持水平直线飞行。

2. Then rolls slowly through one (1) complete revolution.
慢速侧滚一圈。

3. This maneuver must be done from the right to the left, and from the left to the right.
分别由右至左,以及由左至右执行。

 

Immelmann Turn(英麦曼回转)

1. Helicopter flying straight and level.
先保持水平直线飞行。

2. Then perform 1/2 loop, to inverted.
执行 1/2 内浸斗,使直升机成为倒飞状态。

3. Then helicopter performs 1/2 roll to upright.
然後执行 1/2 侧滚,使直升机恢复成正飞状态。

4. Fly straight and level.
继续保持水平直线飞行。

5. This maneuver must be done starting from both the right and the left of the pilot.
分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行。

 

1/2 Cuban Eight1/2 古巴8字)

1. Helicopter flying straight and level.
先保持水平直线飞行。

2. Then perform 5/8 loop, helicopter should be inverted on a 45 degree down line.
执行 5/8 内浸斗,使直升机成为倒飞的姿态,机头向下 45°。

3. Then helicopter performs 1/2 roll to upright.
然後执行 1/2 侧滚,使直升机成为正飞的姿态,机头向下 45°。

4. Level out and fly straight and level.
拉高机头保持水平直线飞行。

5. This maneuver must be done starting from both the right and the left of the pilot.
分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行。

 

Loop w/Pirouette at the Top(内浸斗/顶点旋转 360°)

1. Start by performing a Loop similar to that in Level II.
开始的程序同第二级的"内浸斗"

2. When the helicopter is inverted, add enough negative pitch to support the helicopter, and remove the Aft cyclic control.
当直升机到达最高点成为倒飞姿态时,增加负螺距使直升机的高度不会下降,将升 降舵回到中立点。

3. Perform a Pirouette while inverted.
倒飞旋转 360°。

4. Complete the Loop as normal.
继续完成内浸斗。

5. This maneuver must be done once with the Pirouette to the right and once with the Pirouette to the left.
在顶点倒飞旋转 360°时,需分别执行向右旋转及向左旋转的动作。

 

Flying Circle(水平圆)

1. Starting from a tail-in hover, rotate the helicopter 90 degrees.
先将机尾朝向操控者保持停悬,然後将机头旋转 90°。

2.  Fly  in  a  circle  back  to  the  starting  point,  while  maintaining  constant  altitude,  and speed.
保持等高度及等速度,执行前进水平圆一圈後回到起始点。

3. This maneuver must be done circling both clockwise and counterclockwise.
分别以顺时针及逆时针的方式执行水平圆。

 

Figure of Eight – Nose-in, Tail-in(机头向内、向外水平8字)

1. Take-off to eye-level, hold momentarily, hover the helicopter out a a SAFE distance and height before starting this maneuver.
将直升机垂直起飞至与眼睛同高,静止停悬几秒钟,保持安全的距离及高度。

2.  While  maintaining  constant  altitude,  speed  and  heading  begin  a  circle  to  either  the right or the left with the tail of the helicopter pointing to the center of the circle.
保持机尾朝向圆心,且以等高度、等速度的方式,执行水平圆。

3. As the helicopter reaches the starting point continue hovering, but in a circle in the opposite direction from before and with the nose of the helicopter pointing to the centerof the circle.
当直升机到达起始点後,改以机头朝向圆心,向另一侧执行水平圆。

4.   This maneuver must be  done  starting   the   nose-in   circle   both   clockwise   and counterclockwise.
分别以顺时针及逆时针的方向执行水平圆。

 

Autorotation Landing(熄火降落)

1. Starting from an altitude of no less than twenty (20) meters and on a heading parallel to the flight line, start your Autorotation.
机头保持与航道平行,且高度不得低於 20 公尺,开始执行熄火降落。

 2. Try for a smooth constant rate of descent directly to a one (1) meter landing circle.
保持平滑且稳定的下降速度,朝直径1公尺的圆形降落区降落。

3. The tail blades must stop before the helicopter touches the ground.
在著陆之前,尾旋翼必须停止转动。(无安装熄火降落组)

4. All of the helicopter landing skids must be within the landing circle.
降落时脚架需完全落在圆形的降落区内。

5. This maneuver must be done starting from the right and from the left of the pilot. The pilot may stand anywhere they wish during this maneuver.
分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行,操控者可以站在任意地方执行熄火降落。

 

第四级(Level IV)

 

Level IV is an advanced level of proficiency and completion of this level takes the pilot to  the  level  of  a  pilot  capable  of  performing  the  beyond  the  basics  of  Inverted  Flight. Intrinsic to this level is successfully completing all components of the previous levels, then advancing to the ability to control the helicopter in these new orientations. Please use   extreme   caution   when   performing   these   advanced   maneuvers,   the   pilots   and spectators safety is of utmost importance.
第四级属於高级程度,使操控者有能力执行基础的倒飞动作。第四级的本质是要能 成功地完成前三级的所有动作,以及增进对於新动作的操控及定位能力。在执行这 些高级的动作时,必须尽可能地注意操控者及观众的安全。

 

Sustained Inverted Flight(倒飞水平圆)

1.   With   the   helicopter   inverted   fly   at   least   one   (1)   clockwise   and   one   (1) counterclockwise circuit around your flying area.
在飞行区域内,以顺时针及逆时针的方向,至少各执行一圈倒飞水平圆。

2. The idea is to learn control the helicopter as it is turning towards you and away form you.
这个动作是为了当机头或机尾朝向操控者时,学习如何操控直升机。

 

Sustained Inverted Hover(倒飞停悬)

1. With the helicopter inverted and no more than ten (10) yards/meters above the landing area hover nose out, hold for ten (10) seconds.
离降落区 10 /公尺内的高度,机尾朝向操控者,保持静止倒飞停悬 10 秒钟。

2. With the helicopter inverted and no more than ten (10) yards/meters above the landing area hover nose in, hold for ten (10) seconds.
离降落区 10 /公尺内的高度,机头朝向操控者,保持静止倒飞停悬 10 秒钟。

 

Inverted Pirouettes(倒飞原地旋转)

1. With the helicopter inverted and no more than ten (10) yards/meters above the landing area hover nose out, hold for ten (10) seconds.
离降落区 10 /公尺内的高度,机尾朝向操控者,保持静止倒飞停悬 10 秒钟。

2.  While  maintaining  a  constant  altitude  use  the  tail  rolor  to  rotate  the  helicopter clockwise90 degrees, hold for ten (10) seconds.
保持稳定的停悬高度时,将方向舵打右舵,使直升机顺时针旋转 90°,保持静止倒 飞停悬 10 秒钟。

3.  While  maintaining  a  constant  altitude  use  the  tail  rolor  to  rotate  the  helicopter clockwise 90 degrees, the helicopter will now be Nose-In, hold for ten (10) seconds.
保持稳定的停悬高度,将方向舵打右舵,使直升机顺时针旋转 90°,此时机头朝向 操控者,保持静止倒飞停悬 10 秒钟。

4.  While  maintaining  a  constant  altitude  use  the  tail  rolor  to  rotate  the  helicopter clockwise 90 degrees, hold for ten (10) seconds.
保持稳定的停悬高度,将方向舵打右舵,使直升机顺时针旋转 90°,保持静止倒飞 停悬 10 秒钟。

5.  While  maintaining  a  constant  altitude  use  the  tail  rolor  to  rotate  the  helicopter clockwise 90 degrees, the helicoper will back to Nose-Out, hold for ten (10) seconds.
保持稳定的停悬高度,将方向舵打右舵,使直升机顺时针旋转 90°,此时机尾又朝 向操控者,保持静止倒飞停悬 10 秒钟。

6. Repeat but rotate the helicopter counterclockwise.
重覆以上的动作,但是将方向舵打左舵,使直升机以逆时针的方向旋转。

 

Inverted Figure of Eight – Flying(倒飞水平8字飞行)

1. With the helicopter is flying straight and level inverted after it passes the pilot, make a 270 degree turn away from the pilot, the helicopter will now be pointed directly at the pilot.
先保持倒飞水平直线飞行,当直升机通过操控者後,开始执行外侧 3/4 水平圆(远 离操控者),使机头朝向操控者。

2. After the helicopter is pointing at the pilot, execute a 360 degree turn, in the opposite direction. The helicopter will again be pointing directly at the pilot.
当机头朝向操控者後,向另一侧执行 360°水平圆,使机头再次朝向操控者。

3. After the helicopter is pointing at the pilot again, execute a 90 degree turn, in the same direction as the first 270 degree turn.
当机头再次朝向操控者後,执行 1/4 水平圆,使机头与步骤1的水平直线飞行同向。

4. This maneuver must be done starting from both left to right (first 270 degree turn to the left, counterclockwise) and right to left (first 270 degree turn to the right, clockwise).
分别由左至右(向左执行 3/4 水平圆,逆时针),以及由右至左(向右执行 3/4 水平圆,顺时针),执行水平8字飞行。

 

Consecutive Stationary Rolls(连续侧滚)

1. With the helicopter hovering Tail-In, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter to inverted, continue until the helicopter has completed 2 rolls to the right.
机尾朝向操控者保持停悬,将副翼打右舵使直升机翻滚为倒飞的姿态,持续地将副 翼打右舵使直升机向右完成侧滚二圈。

2. With the helicopter hovering Tail-In, add left cyclic and flip the helicopter to inverted, continue until the helicopter has completed 2 rolls to the left.
机尾朝向操控者保持停悬,将副翼打左舵使直升机翻滚为倒飞的姿态,持续地将副 翼打左舵使直升机向左完成侧滚二圈。

3.  With  the  helicopter  hovering  Nose-In,  add  right  cyclic  and  flip  the  helicopter  to inverted, continue until the helicopter has completed 2 rolls to the right.
机头朝向操控者保持停悬,将副翼打右舵使直升机翻滚为倒飞的姿态,持续地将副 翼打右舵使直升机向右完成侧滚二圈。

4. With the helicopter hovering Nose-In, add left cyclic and flip the helicopter to inverted,continue until the helicopter has completed 2 rolls to the left.
机头朝向操控者保持停悬,将副翼打左舵使直升机翻滚为倒飞的姿态,持续地将副 翼打左舵使直升机向左完成侧滚二圈。
正立停悬姿态,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

 

Auto 180 Degree Autorotation180°熄火降落)

1. Starting from an altitude of no less than twenty (20) meters and on a heading parallel to the flight line, start your Autorotation.
机头保持与航道平行,且高度不得低於 20 公尺,开始执行熄火降落。

2. Try for a smooth constant rate of descent directly to a one (1) meter landing circle.
保持平滑且稳定的下降速度,朝直径1公尺的圆形降落区降落。

3. The helicopter must complete a 180 degree turn after the Autorotation has started.
熄火降落的程序开始执行後,直升机必须完成 180°转弯的动作。

4. All of the helicopter landing skids must be within the landing circle.
降落时脚架需完全落在圆形的降落区内。

5. This maneuver must be done starting from the right and from the left of the pilot, and the  180  degree  turn  must  be  done  both  clockwise  and  counterclockwise  from  each direction.        The pilot may stand anywhere they wish during this maneuver.
分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行,并且 180°转弯的动作必须以顺时针及逆时 针的方向各执行一次,操控者可以站在任意      地方执行熄火降落。

 

Flips Forward(前滚翻)

1. With the helicopter hovering Tail-In, add forward cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Nose-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
机尾朝向操控者保持停悬,将升降舵打降舵使直升机翻滚为机头朝向操控者的倒飞 姿态,保持静止倒飞停悬5秒钟。

2. From this inverted Nose-In hover, add forward cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Tail-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
由机头朝向操控者的倒飞停悬,将升降舵打降舵使直升机翻滚为机尾朝向操控者的

3. With the helicopter hovering Nose-In, add forward cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Tail-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
机头朝向操控者保持停悬,将升降舵打降舵使直升机翻滚为机尾朝向操控者的倒飞 姿态,保持静止倒飞停悬5秒钟。

4. From this inverted Tail-In hover, add forward cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Nose-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
由机尾朝向操控者的倒飞停悬,将升降舵打降舵使直升机翻滚为机头朝向操控者的 正立停悬姿态,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

 

Flips Backward(後滚翻)

1. With the helicopter hovering Tail-In, add backward cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Nose-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
机尾朝向操控者保持停悬,将升降舵拉升舵使直升机翻滚为机头朝向操控者的倒飞 姿态,保持静止倒飞停悬5秒钟。

2. From this inverted Nose-In hover, add backward cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Tail-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
由机头朝向操控者的倒飞停悬,将升降舵拉升舵使直升机翻滚为机尾朝向操控者的 正立停悬姿态,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

3. With the helicopter hovering Nose-In, add backward cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Tail-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
机头朝向操控者保持停悬,将升降舵拉升舵使直升机翻滚为机尾朝向操控者的倒飞 姿态,保持静止倒飞停悬5秒钟。

4. From this inverted Tail-In hover, add backward cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Nose-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
由机尾朝向操控者的倒飞停悬,将升降舵拉升舵使直升机翻滚为机头朝向操控者的 正立停悬姿态,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

 

Flips Laterally(侧滚翻)

1. With the helicopter hovering Nose-Left, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Nose-Left hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
机头朝左保持停悬,将副翼打右舵使直升机翻滚为机头朝左的倒飞停悬姿态,保持 静止倒飞停悬5秒钟。

2. From this inverted Nose-Left hover, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Nose-Left hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
由机头朝左的倒飞停悬,将副翼打右舵使直升机翻滚为机头朝左的正立停悬姿态, 保持静止停悬5秒钟。

3. Repeat but use left cyclic instead of right cyclic.
重覆以上的动作,但是将副翼打左舵。

4. With the helicopter hovering Nose-Right, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Nose-Right hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
机头朝右保持停悬,将副翼打右舵使直升机翻滚为机头朝右的倒飞停悬姿态,保持 静止倒飞停悬5秒钟。

5. From this inverted Nose-Right hover, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Nose-Right hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
由机头朝右的倒飞停悬,将副翼打右舵使直升机翻滚为机头朝右的正立停悬姿态,保持静止停悬5秒钟。

6. Repeat but use left cyclic instead of right cyclic.
重覆以上的动作,但是将副翼打左舵。

 

Rolling Circle(侧滚水平圆)

1. Fly a clockwise circle while rolling the helicopter to the right.
以直升机向右侧滚的方式,执行顺时针方向的水平圆。

2. Repeat flying a clockwise circle, but this time rolling the helicopter to the left.
以直升机向左侧滚的方式,执行顺时针方向的水平圆。

 

3. Fly a counterclockwise circle while rolling the helicopter to the right.
以直升机向右侧滚的方式,执行逆时针方向的水平圆。

4. Repeat flying a counterclockwise circle, but this time rolling the helicopter to the left.
以直升机向左侧滚的方式,执行逆时针方向的水平圆。

 

Tumbles(各种滚翻)

1.  With  the  helicopter  hovering  Tail-In  pull  back  cyclic,  and  work  the  collective  to complete  at  least  two  (2)  full  back  tumbles  while  maintaining  a  constant  altitude  and heading. Stop the helicopter in a stable Tail-In hover.
机尾朝向操控者保持停悬,将升降舵拉升舵使直升机保持固定的高度及方向,向後 翻滚至少二圈。动作执行完毕後,机尾朝向操控者保持稳定的停悬。

2. Repeat push forward cyclic completing a minimum of two (2) forward tumbles.
将升降舵打降舵,重覆步骤1,向前翻滚至少二圈。

3.  With  the  helicopter  hovering  Nose-In  pull  back  cyclic,  and  work  the  collective  to complete  at  least  two  (2)  full  back  tumbles  while  maintaining  a  constant  altitude  and heading. Stop the helicopter in a stable Nose-In hover.
机头朝向操控者保持停悬,将升降舵拉升舵使直升机保持固定的高度及方向,向後 翻滚至少二圈。动作执行完毕後,机头朝向操控者保持稳定的停悬。

4. Repeat push forward cyclic completing a minimum of two (2) forward tumbles.
将升降舵打降舵,重覆步骤3,向前翻滚至少二圈。

5. Fly straight and level form left to right as the helicopter is just about in front of the pilot, pull back cyclic, adjust the collective to maintain constant altitude and speed and hold the back cyclic as the helicopter completes one (1) full traveling tumbling back flip to upright. Fly away straight and level.
由左至右保持水平直线飞行,当直升机在操控者的正前方时,将升降舵拉升舵,控 制主旋翼的螺距使直升机保持固定的高度及前进速度,向後翻滚一圈完毕。继续保 持水平直线飞行。 

6. Repeat but start flying from right to left.
由右至左,重覆步骤5。

7. Fly straight and level from left to right at a moderate speed as the helicopter is just about in front of the pilot, add extra collective momentarily, then simultaneously push forward cyclic, and adjust the collective to maintain constant altitude and speed and hold the forward cyclic until the helicopter completes one (1) full traveling tumbling front flip to upright. Fly away straight and level.
由左至右保持适当速度的水平直线飞行,当直升机在操控者的正前方时,瞬间加大 主旋翼的螺距,同时将升降舵打降舵,控制主旋翼的螺距使直升机保持固定的高度 及前进速度,直到直升机向前翻滚一圈完毕。继续保持水平直线飞行。

8. Repeat but start flying form right to left.
由右至左,重覆步骤7。 

 

第五级(Level V)

 

Level V is an advanced level of proficiency and completion of this level takes the pilot to the level of a pilot capable of performing beyond the basics of Backward Flight. Intrinsic to  this  level  is  successfully  completing  all  components  of  the  previous  levels,  then advancing  to  the  ability  to  control  the  helicopter  in  these  new  orientations.  Please  use extreme caution when performing these advanced maneuvers, the pilots and spectators safety is of utmost importance.
第五级属於高级程度,使操控者有能力执行基础的後退飞行。第五级的本质是要能成功地完成前四级的所有动作,以及增进对於新动作的操控及定位能力。在执行这 些高级的动作时,必须尽可能地注意操控者及观众的安全。

Sustained Backward Flight(後退水平圆)

 

1.  With the helicopter upright fly backward  for  at  least  one  (1)  clockwise  and one  (1) counterclockwise circuits around your flying area.
在飞行区域内,以顺时针及逆时针的方向,至少各执行一圈後退水平圆。

 

Sustained Backward Figure of Eight – Flying(後退8字飞行)

1.  With  the  helicopter  hovering  pointing  to  the  left  over  the  landing  area,  move  the helicopter backwards to the right, then perform a 270 degree turn. The helicopter should be flying backwards directly at the pilot.
在降落区的上空将机头朝左保持停悬,向右後退飞行,然後执行外侧 3/4 水平圆, 此时机尾朝向操控者後退飞行。

2.  While  maintaining  constant  altitude  and  speed,  execute  a  360  degree  turn  in  the opposit direction, the helicopter should flying directly at the pilot again.
保持固定的高度及速度,向另一侧执行 360°水平圆,此时机尾又朝向操控者後退飞行。 

3. Perform a 90 degree turn in the same direction as the first 270 degree turn, fly away straight and level and then fly backwards to the starting point above the landing area.
执行後退 1/4 水平圆,使机头与步骤1的停悬同向,保持後退水平直线飞行至降落区上空的起始点。

4.  With  the  helicopter  hovering  Nose-In  over  the  landing  area,  move  the  helicopter backwards  away  from  the  pilot  perform  a  360  degree  turn.  The  helicopter  should  be flying backwards directly away from the pilot.
在降落区的上空将机头朝向操控者保持停悬,以後退飞行的方式执行 360°水平圆, 此时机头朝向操控者并保持後退飞行(远离操控者)。

5.  While  maintaining  constant  altitude  and  speed,  execute  another  360  degree  turn  in opposite direction, the helicopter should be flying directly away from the pilot again.
保持固定的高度及速度,向另一侧执行 360°水平圆,此时机头又朝向操控者并保 持後退飞行(远离操控者)。

6. To complete this manuuver, fly backward to a hover above the landing area.
後退飞行至降落区的上空保持停悬,即完成此动作。

 

Sustained Backward Flight – Inside Loops(後退内浸斗)

 

1. With the helicopter upright and flying backward straight and level from the left to the right, when the helicopter is directly in front of the pilot, push forward cyclic and execute a Tail first Inside Loop. Use the collective to make the loop as round as possible.
由左至右保持後退水平直线飞行,当直升机在操控者的正前方时,将升降舵打降舵 执行内浸斗。控制主旋翼的螺距,尽可能使飞行轨迹成为圆形的环状。

2. Repeat but this time start by flying backward from right to left.
由右至左保持後退水平直线飞行,重覆执行步骤1。

 

Sustained Backward Flight – Rolls(後退侧滚)

 

1. While the helicopter is flying straight and level backward from left to right, before it reaches the pilot, roll the helicopter away from the pilot until completes one (1) roll. The helicopter should be flying inverted and backward as it passes in front of the pilot, the helicopter should continue to roll back to upright after is passes in front of the pilot. Use collective control to maintain constant altitude and speed. Fly away from the maneuver straight and level.
由左至右保持後退水平直线飞行,在直升机未到达操控者的正前方时,将副翼打右降舵执行侧滚(远离操控者)。当直升机到达操控者的正前方时,机体刚好成为倒 飞後退飞行,继续执行侧滚的动作,等到直升机通过操控者的正前方以後,机身便 恢复为正飞後退飞行。执行後退侧滚时,请控制主旋翼的螺距,以便维持固定的高 度及速度。

2. Repeat the above step but this time roll the helicopter toward the pilot.
重覆执行步骤1,将副翼打左舵执行侧滚(接近操控者)。

3. Repeat the above steps but this time flying backwards from the right to the left, and do both a roll to the left and to the right.
重覆执行步骤1及2,由右至右开始执行。

 

Sustained Backward Inverted Flight(倒飞後退水平圆)

 

1. With the helicopter inverted fly backward for at least one (1) clockwise and one (1) counterclockwise circuits around your flying area.
在飞行区域内,以顺时针及逆时针的方向,至少各执行一圈後退水平圆。

 

Sustained Backward Inverted Figure of Eight -Flying(倒飞後退8字飞行)

1. With the helicopter hovering inverted pointing to the left over the landing area, move the helicopter backwards to the right, perform a 270 degree turn. The helicopter should be flying backwards directly at the pilot.
在降落区的上空将机头朝左保持倒飞停悬,向右後退飞行,然後执行外侧 3/4 水平 圆,此时机尾朝向操控者後退飞行。

2.  While  maintaining  constant  altitude  and  speed,  execute  a  360  degree  turn  in  the opposit direction, the helicopter should flying directly at the pilot again.
保持固定的高度及速度,向另一侧执行 360°水平圆,此时机尾又朝向操控者後退 飞行。

3.  Perform a  90 degree  turn  in the  same  direction  as the  first 270  degree turn,  fly out straight and level and then fly backwards to the starting point above the landing area.
执行後退 90°转弯,使机头与步骤1的停悬同向,保持後退水平直线飞行至降落区上空的起始点。

4.  With  the  helicopter  hovering  Nose-In  inverted  over  the  landing  area,  move  the helicopter  backwards  away  from  the  pilot  perform  a  360  degree  turn.  The  helicopter should be flying backwards directly away from the pilot.
在降落区的上空将机头朝向操控者保持倒飞停悬,以後退飞行的方式执行 360°水 平圆,此时机头朝向操控者并保持後退飞行(远离操控者)。

5.  While  maintaining  constant  altitude  and  speed,  execute  another  360  degree  turn  in opposite direction, the helicopter should flying directly away the pilot again.
保持固定的高度及速度,向另一侧执行 360°水平圆,此时机头又朝向操控者并保 持後退飞行(远离操控者)。

6. To complete this manuuver fly, backward to a hover above the landing area.
後退飞行至降落区的上空保持倒飞停悬,即完成此动作。

 

Autorotation with inverted segment(倒飞熄火降落)

 

1. Starting from an altitude of no less than twenty (20) meters and on a heading parallel to  the  flight  line,  with  the  helicopter  inverted  and  to  the  pilot  right,  start  your Autorotation.
机头保持与航道平行,且高度不得低於  20  公尺,直升机保持倒飞姿态,向操控者 的右侧开始执行熄火降落。

2. During the Autorotation, roll the helicopter to upright.
在降落的过程中,将直升机侧滚成为正飞的姿态。

3. Try for a smooth constant rate of descent directly to the one (1) meter/yard landing 

4. Any part of the helicopter landing skids must be within the one (1) meter/yard landing circle.
降落时脚架的某一部份需落在圆形的降落区内。

5. Repeat but this time start the Autorotation to the pilot left.
向操控者的左侧重覆执行熄火降落。

 

Knife Edge Pirouette(侧飞自旋 360°)

 

1. With the helicopter flying straight and level form right to left, roll the helicopter to the left (toward the pilot), drop collective to zero degree, and while the helicopter is in knife edge flight at least one (1) full tail rotor turn (360 degrees) to the right (clockwise). Exit by rolling to the right, adding collective and fly away upright and level.
由右至左保持水平直线飞行,将副翼打左舵执行 1/4 侧滚(接近操控者)。降低主旋 翼的螺距成为0°,当直升机成为侧飞的状态时,以顺时针的方向至少执行一次 360°自旋,然後将副翼打右舵,增加主旋翼的螺距,使机体恢复成水平直线飞行。

2. Repeat step 1, but this time make the rail rotor turn to the left (counterclockwise).
重覆执行步骤1,但以逆时针的方向至少执行一次 360°自旋。

3. Repeat steps 1 & 2, but this time roll the helicopter to the right (away from the pilot). Exit by rolling back to the left.
重覆执行步骤1及2,但将副翼打右舵执行 1/4 侧滚(远离操控者)。结束时将副翼打左舵。

4. Repeat steps 1, 2 & 3, but this time with the helicopter flying from left to right.
由左至右保持水平直线飞行,重覆执行步骤1、2及3。

 

Death Spiral(侧飞水平螺旋下坠)

 

1. With the helicopter hovering at a safe altitude, roll the helicopter to the left, until the rotor  blades  are  vertical,  the  helicopter  must  remain  horizontal  during  this  maneuver,

2.  The  helicopter  must  complete  at  least  three  (3)  complete  "forward"  tumbles  as  it  is falling sideways toward the ground.
当机体朝地面下坠时,至少须完成三次前滚翻的动作。

3. Roll back to the right to exit this maneuver.
将副翼打右舵,使直升机恢复成为水平飞行。

4.  Repeat  the  above  steps,  but  start  the  maneuver  by  rolling  to  the  right,  and  exit  by rolling to the left.
重覆执行步骤1、2及3,但将副翼打右舵执行 1/4 侧滚。结束时将副翼打左舵。

5.  Repeat  the  above  steps,  but  use  aft  cyclic  instead  of  forward  cyclic  completeing  at least three (3) "backward" tumbles.
重覆执行上述步骤,但将升降舵打降舵,至少须完成三次後滚翻的动作。

 

 

第六级(Level VI)

 

Level VI is an advanced level of proficiency and completion of this level takes the pilot to  the  level  of  a  pilot  capable  of  performing  beyond  the  basics  of  Sideways  Flight. Intrinsic to this level is successfully completing all components of the previous levels, then advancing to the ability to control the helicopter in these new orientations. Please use   extreme   caution   when   performing   these   advanced   maneuvers,   the   pilots   and spectators safety is of utmost importance.
第六级属於高级程度,使操控者有能力执行基础的横向飞行。第六级的本质是要能 成功地完成前五级的所有动作,以及增进对於新动作的操控及定位能力。在执行这 些高级的动作时,必须尽可能地注意操控者及观众的安全。

 

Sideways Flight(横向飞行水平圆)

 

1. With the helicopter upright hovering Tail-In over the landing circle, fly sideways for at least one (1) clockwise and one (1) counterclockwise circuit around your flying area. The nose of the helicopter must be pointing toward the center of the flight area.
在降落区的上空将机尾朝向操控者保持停悬,在飞行区内以横向飞行的方式,对顺 时针及逆时针的方向,至少各执行一圈机头朝向圆心的水平圆。

2. With the helicopter rpright hovering Nose-In over the landing circle, fly sideways for at least one (1) clockwise and one (1) counterclockwise circuit around your flying area. The nose of the helicopter must be pointing away from the center of the flight area.
在降落区的上空将机头朝向操控者保持停悬,在飞行区内以横向飞行的方式,对顺 时针及逆时针的方向,至少各执行一圈机尾在降落区的上空将机尾朝向操控者保持 停悬,在飞行区内以横向飞行的方式,对顺时针及逆时针的方向,至少各执行一圈 机头朝向圆心的水平圆。朝向圆心的水平圆。

 

Sideways Figure of Eight – Flying(横向8字飞行)

 

1.  With  the  helicopter  hovering  Nose-Out  over  the  landing  area,  move  the  helicopter sideways to the right, perform a 270 degree Nose-In turn. The helicopter should now be flying sideways directly at the pilot.
在降落区的上空将机尾朝向操控者保持停悬,向右侧横向飞行,执行机头向内  3/4 水平圆,使机身右侧朝向操控者。

2. While maintaining constant altitude and speed, execute a 360 degree Nose-Out turn, the helicopter should be flying sideways directly at the pilot again.
保持固定的高度及速度,向另一侧执行机尾向内 360°水平圆,此时机身右侧又再 一次朝向操控者。

3.  Perform  a  90  degree  Nose-In  turn  fly  sideways  straight  and  level,  completing  the maneuver. Fly back to the starting point above the landing area.
再执行机头向内 1/4 水平圆後便完成此动作。将直升机飞回降落区上空的起始点。

4. Repeat the maneuver but this time start flying sideways to the left.
向左侧横向飞行,重覆执行上述的步骤。

5. With the helicopter hovering Nose-Right over the landing area, move the helicopter sideways directly away from the pilot, perform a 360 degree Nose-In turn. The helicopter should now be flying sideways directly away from the pilot.
在降落区的上空将机头朝右保持停悬,向外侧(飞离操控者)开始横向飞行,执行 机头向内 360°水平圆,使机身侧面朝向操控者。

6.  Complete  the  maneuver  by  performing  a  360  degree  Nose-Out  turn.  The  helicopter should again be flying sideways directly away from the pilot.
再向另一侧执行机尾向内 360°水平圆後便完成此动作,此时机身侧面又再一次朝向操控者。

7. Repeat the maneuver, but this time start with the helicopter hovering Nose-Left.
将机头朝左保持停悬,重覆执行步骤5及6。
 

Sideways Inside Loops(横向内浸斗)

 

1. With the helicopter upright flying sideways Tail-In straight and level from left to right,as the helicopter passes in front of the pilot, apply collective and left cyclic to complete an inside loop.
保持机尾朝向操控者,由左向右开始横向水平飞行,当直升机通过操控者的前方时,加大主旋翼的螺距并且将副翼打左舵完成一个内浸斗。

2. Repeat with the helicopter flying sideways from right to left, and right cyclic.
重覆执行步骤1,但由右向左开始横向水平飞行,并且将副翼打右舵完成一个内浸斗。

3.  Repeat  both  of  the  above  loop,  but  this  time  the  helicopter  must  be  Nose-In  to  the pilot.
保持机头朝向操控者,重覆执行步骤1及2。

 

Sideways Outside Loops(横向外浸斗)

 

1. With the helicopter upright flying sideways straight and level from left to right, as the helicopter passes in front of the pilot, apply collective and right cyclic to complete an outside loop.
保持机尾朝向操控者,由左向右开始横向水平飞行,当直升机通过操控者的前方时, 加大主旋翼的螺距并且将副翼打右舵完成一个外浸斗。

2. Repeat with the helicopter flying sideways from right to left, and left cyclic.
重覆执行步骤1,但由右向左开始横向水平飞行,并且将副翼打左舵完成一个外浸 斗。

3.  Repeat  both  of  the  above  loop,  but  this  time  the  helicopter  must  be  Nose-In  to  the pilot.
保持机头朝向操控者,重覆执行步骤1及2。

 

Sideways Rolls(横向滚翻)

 

NoteA "roll" while flying sideways can be thought of in two different way.
注意∶当直升机保持横向飞行时,有二种不同的方式执行"侧滚"的动作。

1) In the normal way of rolling as a helicopter would normally fly or as
如同执行一般的侧滚动作或是

2) A roll as compared to the current direction of flight.
相对於目前飞行方向的侧滚动作。 So we will do both 所以两者的动作我们都要执行!

Sideways Rolls – Helicopter is Rolling(横向滚翻    机体侧滚)

 

1. With the helicopter flying sideways Nose-Out straight and level from right to left, roll the helicopter to the left (the same direction as the helicopter is flying), use collective to maintain  altitude  and  speed  across  the  ground,  complete  at  least  one  (1)  roll.  Exit  by flying away sideways straight and level.
保持机尾朝向操控者,由右向左开始横向水平飞行,将副翼打左舵(与横向飞行的方向同向),控制主旋翼的螺距,使机体能保持固定的高度及横向速度,至少完成 一个侧滚。动作结束时保持横向水平飞行。

2.  Repeat  step  a,  but  this  time  make  the  roll  to  the  right  (opposite  the  direction  the helicopter is flying).
将副翼打右舵(与横向飞行的方向逆向),重覆执行步骤 1

3. Repeat steps a & b, but this time with the helicopter Nose-In to the pilot.
保持机头朝向操控者,重覆执行步骤 1 2

4. Repeat steps a, b & c, but this time with the helicopter flying from left to right.
由左向右开始横向水平飞行,重覆执行步骤 12 3

 

Sideways Rolls – Helicopter is Tumbling(横向滚翻    机体前後滚翻)

 

a.  With  the  helicopter  flying  sideways  Nose-Out  straight  and  level  from  right  to  left, tumble  the  helicopter  forward  while  traveling  sideways,  use  collective  to  maintain altitude  and  speed  across  the  ground,  complete  at  least  one  (1)  tumble.  Exit  by  flying  away sideways straight and level.
保持机尾朝向操控者,由右向左开始横向水平飞行,将升降舵打降舵,控制主旋翼 的螺距,使机体能保持固定的高度及横向速度,至少完成一个前滚翻。动作结束时 保持横向水平飞行。

b. Repeat step a, but this time make the tumble backward.
升降舵拉升舵,重覆执行步骤a。

c. Repeat steps a & b, but this time with the helicopter Nose-In to the pilot.
保持机头朝向操控者,重覆执行步骤a及b。

d. Repeat steps a, b & c, but this time with the helicopter flying from left to right.
由左向右开始横向水平飞行,重覆执行步骤a、b及c。

 

Pirouetting Figure of Eight(机体自旋8字飞行)

 

1. With the helicopter hovering over the landing area, start pirouetting clockwise while the helicopter is pirouetting fly the helicopter in a Figure of Eight to the right. So at the center of the Eight, the helicopter is flying toward the pilot.
在降落区的上空将直升机保持停悬,机体以顺时针的方向保持自旋,并且朝右侧开 始执行外侧水平8字飞行。在8字形的中心点时,直升机是飞向操控者。

2. Repeat the above step, but this time start pirouetting counterclockwise.
机体以逆时针的方向保持自旋,重覆执行步骤1。

3. Repeat step 1 above, but this time start the Figure of Eight by flying away from the pilot, pirouetting clockwise. So at the center of the Eight, the helicopter is flying away from the pilot.
机体以顺时针的方向保持自旋,并且朝右侧开始执行内侧水平8字飞行。在8字形 的中心点时,直升机是飞离操控者。

4. Repeat the above step, but this time start pirouetting counterclockwise.
机体以逆时针的方向保持自旋,重覆执行步骤3。
 

Inverted Pirouetting Figure of Eight(机体倒飞自旋8字飞行)

 

1. With the helicopter inverted hovering over the landing area, start pirouetting clockwise while the helicopter is pirouetting fly the helicopter in a Figure of Eight to the right. So at the center of the Eight, the helicopter is flying toward the pilot.
在降落区的上空将直升机保持倒飞停悬,机体以顺时针的方向保持自旋,并且朝右 侧开始执行外侧水平8字飞行。在8字形的中心点时,直升机是飞向操控者。

2. Repeat the above step, but this time start pirouetting counterclockwise.
机体以逆时针的方向保持自旋,重覆执行步骤1。

3. Repeat step 1 above, but this time start the Figure of Eight by flying away from the pilot, pirouetting clockwise. So at the center of the Eight, the helicopter is flying away from the pilot.
机体以顺时针的方向保持自旋,并且朝右侧开始执行内侧水平8字飞行。在8字形 的中心点时,直升机是飞离操控者。

4. Repeat the above step, but this time start pirouetting counterclockwise.
机体以逆时针的方向保持自旋,重覆执行步骤3。

 

第七级(Level VII)

 

第七级属于高级程度,使操控者有能力执行基础的自旋动作。第七级的本质是要能 成功地完成前六级的所有动作,以及增进对于新动作的操控及定位能力。在执行这 些高级的动作时,必须尽可能地注意操控者及观众的安全。

Pirouetting Inside Loop(机体自旋内觔斗)

 

1.  直升机由右向左飞行,机体开始自旋,当直升机通过操控者的正前方之时,机体 保持自旋并且执行一个内觔斗。安排副翼、升降舵及主旋翼螺距的打舵时机,使得 直升机的飞行轨迹形成一个圆圈。

2.  结束时机体保持自旋水平直线飞行。

3.  由左向右飞行,重复执行上述的步骤。

 

Pirouetting Roll(机体自旋侧滚)

 

1.  直升机由右向左飞行,机体开始自旋,在直升机未到达操控者的正前方时,机体 保持自旋并且执行外侧侧滚(飞离操控者)。当直升机到达操控者的正前方时,机 体刚好成为倒飞的姿态。安排副翼、升降舵及主旋翼螺距的打舵时机,使得直升机 能保持固定的高度、前进方向及速度。

2.  完成侧滚的动作后,机体保持自旋水平直线飞行。

3.  重复执行步骤1及2,但执行内侧侧滚(朝向操控者)。

 

Stationary Pirouetting Tumbles(机体自旋原地滚翻)

 

1.  直升机先保持停悬,机体开始自旋,机体保持自旋并且至少执行一个前滚翻。安 排副翼、升降舵及主旋翼螺距的打舵时机,使得直升机能保持在固定的高度。

2.  重复执行上述的步骤,但至少执行一个后滚翻。

 

Traveling Pirouetting Tumbles(机体自旋前进滚翻)

 

1.  直升机由右向左飞行,机体开始自旋,机体保持自旋并且至少执行一个前滚翻。安排副翼、升降舵及主旋翼螺距的打舵时机,使得直升机能保持固定的高度、前进 方向及速度。

2.  重复执行步骤1,但至少执行一个后滚翻。

3.  由左向右飞行,重复执行上述的步骤。

 

Pirouetting Outside Loop(机体自旋外觔斗)

 

1.  直升机由右向左飞行,机体开始自旋,当直升机通过操控者的正前方之时,机体 保持自旋并且执行一个外觔斗。安排副翼、升降舵及主旋翼螺距的打舵时机,使得 直升机的飞行轨迹形成一个圆圈。

2.  结束时机体保持自旋水平直线飞行。

3.  由左向右飞行,重复执行上述的步骤。

 

Pirouetting Autorotation(机体自旋熄火降落)

 

1.  机头保持与航道平行,且高度不得低于 20 公尺,朝操控者的右侧开始执行熄火 降落。在执行熄火降落的动作之前,机体不须保持自旋。

2.  执行熄火降落的过程中,机体至少需自旋3圈。

3.  保持平滑且稳定的下降速度,朝直径1公尺的圆形降落区降落。

4.  降落时脚架的某一部份需落在圆形的降落区内。

5.  重复执行上述的步骤,但由操控者的左侧开始执行熄火降落。注意:不限制执行 的次数,降落时只要脚架的某一部份落在圆形的降落区内即可。

 

Pirouetting Auger(机体自旋螺旋钻)

 

1.  先将直升机保持在任意的高度及方向,朝操控者的右侧开始执行螺旋钻的动作。 在执行螺旋钻的动作之前,机体不须保持自旋。

2.  要完成这项动作,至少机体的某一部份必须离地6英吋以内。

3.  注意:若降落区的泥土愈软则愈容易完成此动作。开玩笑的啦!您千万不要相信。

IRCHA 不鼓励执行此动作。

 

Straight Upright Flight(正立直线飞行)

 

1.  将直升机翻来滚去以后,有某些人会忘了如何正立水平直线飞行。本动作要求操 控者将直升机以正立飞行的方式,飞完一个油箱的燃油,至少需 10 分钟。

 drop collective and add forward cyclic.
先将直升机停悬在安全的高度,然後将副翼打左舵执行 1/4 侧滚,直到主旋翼回转 面成为垂直,机体必须保持水平,降低主旋翼的螺距成为0°,并且将升降舵打降 舵。

附件:ircha.pdf(294850 Byte)

附件:sc4.f3c.07.rev1.pdf(723236 Byte)

5 评论

  1. [quote=霄哥]等霄哥有钱了,霄哥买给你玩![/quote]
    等俺有钱了,玩一个,炸一个…..

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